The government in the United States strongly help to Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2, is also Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 to presume to launch this large-scale war of importance one of the reasons.According to statistics, only the country be total armistice of the first half of year 1946, the United States government provided value USD 13.500,000,000 toward the Kuomintang government of various supplies.The United States president Truman acknowledgement, the United States give after fight the invading army victory Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 government of the supplies help, is fight the invading army front the victory the United States to aid Hua supplies of 200%.The United States in front and back was a Kuomintang troops train various technique military officer be 150,000 people, afresh material 45 army's teacher(trip), for air force equipment every variety the airplane be 936, among them big part is a handover after fight the invading army victory to the Kuomintang troops.After overall civil war explosion, the United States government again to Kuomintang soldier handover the warship boat be 131.Surrender from Japan till 1946 June, from the United States sea, air force help transport civil war front of the Kuomintang troops reach to 540,000 people.Large-scale civil war Cheap Ugg Bootsexplosion night before last, State Department in the United States in addition to put forward toward the national legislature 《continue to help bill to the Hua military 》claim pass, again begin to carry on negotiation with Kuomintang government, preparation storage at west Pacific Ocean of value USD 2,000,000,000 of war surplus supplies with USD 500,000,000 of low price sell to the Kuomintang government.
Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 is full of self-confidence towards launching this large-scale civil war.On a meeting of 1946 June, he tell his subordinate:"What is the strength of our troops ?Be us to have special kind the soldier and air force, navy, but the communist has no these a soldier a kind."He still put forward "soon war soon definitely" of strategy policy, declare "we free soldier, there is navy, and have heavy weapons and special kind the soldier, but their bandit soldier absolute have no of", so"we be certain ability soon war soon definitely exterminate crafty bandit".①
The war is hostile both parties' real strenght of contest.Face a country total both parties so hang extremely of strength contrast, China the People's Liberation Army can win Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2's troops of large-scale take the offensive?This is Be medium the east of the hair Ze of total central chairman need to make an answer toward the whole party whole army and people of the whole country first of problem.
This problem also has become to feel worried in the liberation area armed forces and people heart of center problem.1946 September 27 day, the east of the hair Ze give medium total central publicity minister six settle an of letter medium, clearly point out:"In the liberation area the armed forces and people current center problem is not to the United States of imagination problem, existence this kind of imagination of period already past;Describe toward the armed forces and people the United States how severe, how fierce, this by July is necessity of, July later not only unnecessary, and have side effect.Currently the center problem in the liberation area armed forces and people heart is can victory with how obtain victory."②
Face this graveness problem, the east of the hair Ze how consideration of?He is full to see Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 in the military, economy strength advantage for occupy, particularly is the United States support strongly this advantage, this be 1;But his persistence adopt analysis to the thing of attitude, also clearly see Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 existence on the other hand of various advantage of various weakness and oneself, particularly the huge development that the revolution strength obtain in the war of resistance against Japan, already far not revolution war in the land period can ratio.
According to to both parties strength contrast of this kind of awake of understanding, at Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 launch overall two months of civil war be also 1946 July 20 day, he to what front say this graveness the problem make explicit of answer:"My party our army just preparation everything, smash Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 of take the offensive, lend this with fight for peace.Although Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 have the United States to help, but public not agreeable, morale not Gao, economy difficulty.Although we have no foreign country to help, but the public return to, morale upsurge, economy also have a way.Therefore we are to can win Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2.The whole party should have full confidence to this."③
How go to "win Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2"?The east of the hair Ze put forward a few basic instruction policy:
At the military, he emphasize two important point:While being "win Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2's battle method, generally is a mobile warfare".For the sake of dozen good mobile warfare, he point out:"Some place, some city temporarily give up, is not only ineluctable, and is a necessity.Temporarily give up some some city in place, is for obtaining end victory, otherwise can't obtain an end victory.This point, should make whole party with whole liberation area people all ability understand, all full of energy preparation."Two is the battle method of "concentration superior force, each annihilation enemy"."When wear an enemy usage many trip(or regiment) cent several road toward the our army go forward of time, our army have to concentration absolute advantage of troops, then concentration 600%, or 500%, or 400% have to also have a triple at the enemy's troops at the enemy's troops and at least, in appropriate opportune moment, surround the Jian shot enemy's soldier first of a trip.(or regiment)This trip(or regiment), should be weaker in the enemy's soldier various trip, perhaps is less help of, perhaps is geography and the people live and feel that it halt ground the most beneficial to me but oppose disadvantageous of."He point out the effect of this kind of method to be "one ability whole Jian, two ability soon definitely", under the condition that Jiang3 Jun's weapon strengthen, this BE"the our army have to be special emphasize of".
At political, he request"have to with people crowd intimate cooperation, have to fight for the whole may fight for of person", and for this provision the party moderate in the Kuomintang troops in the village and in the city have to solidify, fight for, isolated of rank, stratum and personnel.
At the economy, he request"have to make to hold out for long time plan, have to very economy ground usage our human resource and material resources, the dint quit waste".Want "effort produce", "depend on renew through own efforts, sign at the invincible position", want "hard struggle, the armed forces and people give attention to both".
Only these return not enough.For making people recognize pure Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 and the United States imperialistic of weak essence, start to set up to necessarily win of conviction, need to be put forward a simple clear, make person a listen to understand combine ability remember of basic standpoint, that be the east of the hair Ze to is postpone Anne interview of the United States reporter's Anna ·Louis Si ·Si especially what Lang say:"All of the whole reactionarieses are a paper tiger."
Si especially the Lang be a progress girl reporter of US citizenship.1946 the beginning of year by year she arrive at Shanghai to turn to Beiping from San Francisco and immediately after multiply by the airplane that the soldier adjust a department to arrive to postpone Anne interview.She was postpone Anne to stay for a few weeks, together the public people with medium total many leader extensive contact, to the policy of Communist Party of China reach agreement a circumstance of put the area have already have equal of understanding.
August six day afternoon 3:00, sky has just cleared after postponing Anne rain.Yang2 Jia Ling3, who live at the hair Ze east, Si especially the Lang saw hair Ze east.Accompany her go to of, 1 is medium total central publicity minister six settle a, 1 is long-term is postpone Anne work of the United States doctor Ma3 Hai3 De2, hold the post of temporary of translation work.Hear Si Lang especially come, the east of the hair Ze come out kiln hole doorway and arrive at the inside of the hospital to welcome.For meaning the manner to the guest, he that day especially the idea wore a piece slightly good blue cloth clothes.They sit on the kiln together before the hole under the apple tree of one surroundings of Zhang Shi2 Zhuo, pleasing but talk.
The east of the hair Ze doesn't relax a whichever opportunity to make to investigate a work.He first to Si especially the Lang inquired many the United States local circumstance.Si especially Lang detection astonishment:"The United States occurrence of the matter have many he know than me return detailed".Immediately after, the hair Ze east answer Si especially the Lang put forward of problem.The central point of his conversation is "all of the whole reactionarieses be a paper tiger".The east of the hair Ze enumerate sand Huang in Russia and Hitler of Germany, Italy of the example of Mussolini and Japan doctrine, elucidation these reaction strength from superficial see be strong, terrible of, but see from the farsighted standpoint, see from the essence, "the real great power don't be to belong to reactionaries, but belong to people."When Si especially the Lang inquire about an usage the viewpoint of the atomic bomb to the United States, the east of the hair Ze openly answer:"The atomic bomb is a paper tiger that reactionaries in the United States use to frighten a person, see appearance terrible, actually combine can't afraid."The atomic bomb is a kind of weapon of large-scale massacre, "but decision war victory and defeat of is people, not 12 new style weapon".The hair Ze east end speak of the foreground of this large-scale civil war that Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 launch again.He very firmly tell Si Lang especially:"Take China of situation to say, what we depend on however is a millet to add a rifle, but history end certificate, this millet add a rifle to add tank to still want than Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2's airplane a little stronger.Although at China people's inUgg Boots Sale front still existence many difficulty, China the people are in the United States imperialistic and China the consociation of the reactionaries take the offensive under, will be subjected to long time of distress.But these reactionaries one day there wills want to fail, our one day there will want victory.This reason not is do not, lie in reactionaries representative reaction, but our representative progress."
After have a meal, they again immediately after talk bottom to go to, until midnight.
The east of the hair Ze ory concerning"all of the whole reactionarieses be a paper tiger" break, the theory concerning"the millet add a rifle to add tank to still want than Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2's airplane a little stronger" break, on put forward immediately spread domestic and international, thorough public, creation people unexpected huge strength.1960, Si especially the Lang is in 《 a ly the nonce the generation of the greatness the truth 》 this article, bosom the deep affection start to recall this time conversation.The article say:"The hair chairman is 14 year agos to say all of imperialistic and the whole reactionarieses to be a paper tiger while postpone Anne.Now this history famous saying which have become to have history meaning.""The hair a needle of the chairman see the language sentence of blood, encyclopedic knowledge, sharp of analysis and poet of imagination dint, make his conversation become me whole life pleasing to listener arrive of most have already inspire sex of conversation."
This time in the conversation, return have a very small episode:After talk a beginning soon, Si especially Lang detection neighborhood more than 20 rice of in the grass cluster have ring move, shockedly ask:"Have who there?!""BE the kid of another a common people house", the east of the hair Ze smile an answer:"He probably is to the creation of guest in my foreign country curiosity."This small matter give Si especially the Lang left a deep impression.She recall to say empress 14 years:I seldom once saw so ability and surroundings the environment get along well of person.
1946 June 19 days be also Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 distinctly take the offensive Central plains liberation area of night before last, the east of the hair Ze to the local situation make as follows analysis:"Observation recently situation, Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 preparation big dozen, perhaps difficult save.After the big dozen, estimate in six months outside time, like our army great victory, necessarily can argument with;Such as victory or defeat equal, may also ability argument with;Such as Jiang3 Jun's great victory, then can't argument with."Basis this judgment, the east of the hair Ze get conclusion:"Therefore, the our army have to win Jiang3 Jun to take the offensive and fight for peace prospect."④
Overall civil war after becoming fact, July 20 day, the east of the hair Ze for medium total central draft of inside party designation 《with self-defense the war smash Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 of take the offensive 》medium and then point out further:"Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 break armistice pact, break the government help resolution, after the northeast share I four even, long spring etc. ground, now again in the Hua east and north China to I distinctly take the offensive, future as well probably again to northeast take the offensive.Only at self-defense in the war thoroughly smash take the offensive of Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 after, China people then can instauration peace."⑤ It is thus clear that, even at overall civil war explosion empress of initial stage, until at this time, the Communist Party of China and hair Ze east still work hard for realization domestic peace of situation, carry on self-defense war of the purpose is still for the sake of instauration domestic peace.
"Great victory" fought for self-defense war how?Owing to Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 have already launch overall civil war, the hair Ze east decision use around half year of time, at south line and north line respectively organization a few strong offensive, annihilation a great deal of enemy, extension liberation area, force Jiang3 Jie4 Shi2 to retreat in the face of difficulties with this, instauration domestic peace.According to this decision, he at together in total central and other leader with each strategy the area leader many times negotiate after, as a whole plan and prepare, draw-up south north two line of battle plan.(this battle plan, has been practice in of investigate, afterwards and all made ratio bigger adjust)
In the south line:
Be placed in the troops large force of the quilt Kuomintang surround bottom Central plains military district Lee read aloud first, Zheng4 Wei4 San the set take"existence a, victory a" as basic activity purpose, immediately organization break through siege.Because Central plains military district the east of the E east, Wan west be a Kuomintang to prepare to have preparation of build Lei district, the north thing to of the river be more, at Kuomintang troops piece bottom not easy Du more, face west although also have a Kuomintang soldier piece, region vast, easy to and mobile, easy to for the food, and the northwest of the E, the Yu Xia border district form complications, Jun Ling in the high mountain, easy to dispersion persistence, if circumstance very strain, return can cent to Xia south, the Xiang E Chuan side onrush and to Xia sweet rather liberation area, too Yue liberation the area transfer.According to so of analysis, the hair Ze east approval Central plains military district of suggestion, decision they in addition to with a part troops right on the spot persistence, a part troops with Su Wan side liberation area for destination to east onrush outside, main force more than 30,000 person cent two road west enter, cross even Han road, keep tend the northwest of the E and the Yu Xia E border district area.
In the hair Ze the east the consideration of south line battle plan, more important, field battle soldier in overallly the blowout the empress the preparation with the Jin hope the Lu Yu field battle soldier the main force 50,000 people, field battle soldier in Shandong the main force more than 50,000 persons, Hua main force 40,000 people, attack the segment of Jin river bank road Xu2 Zhou, clam wharf respectively and it be two segment and its east side region of side region and clam wharf, river bank, not in power war medium exterminate an enemy have already livinged strength.At above-mentioned battle victory after(uncertain want to obtain Kaifeng, Xu2 Zhou), can consideration hope the Lu Yu and Shandong by Jin two soldier main force south Du Huaihe, to big don't the mountain, Anne celebrate, the river bank be a glimmer of to stand into.This is a big mark time to stand into of plan.The east of the hair Ze point out:"This spirit that plan emphasize toward south, with of plan emphasize to north contrary, can in the northern side, a very big Jiang3 Jun Pao be placed in a passive position", "this plan depend on old base gradually to south, stay on the safe side, not adventure", "such as ability Du Huai but south, can immediately take over manpower material resources from the Kuomintang district, make I the old area be free from break".⑥
In the north line:
Put forward a plan which seize "three road Szu-chengs"s.The preparation hope the field battle soldier main force and the Jin Sui field battle soldier with the Jin Cha main force be in conjunction with battle, one by one capture even Han, positive too and together Pu three road with protect settle, stone door(Chuang in the stone house), too original, big together Szu-cheng, but will hope east, hot river conduct and actions suppress a direction.The east of the hair Ze to north China the troops put forward:"After the Kuomintang big dozen, your basic mission is to protect a place with seize three roadUggs On Sale  Szu-chengs".This implement order of sequence that plan afterwards turn into into again in conceive:The square one seize big together, control together Pu north segment;The second step seize even Han north a segment and the camera capture Chuang in the stone house and protect to settle;The third step turn to use a main force in positive too road, the camera capture too original.The east of the hair Ze is in the telegram request:"The beard prepare six months or more time, but have to completion this mission", "all to the even Han and together Pu, positive too three road of take the offensive, all offend city war, hope immediately train offend a city technique, much have yellow explosive."⑦